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Afzal, Mohammad, Ali, M., Hassan, R. A. H., Sweedan, N., & Dhami, M. S. I. (1991). Identification of some prostanoids in Aloe vera extracts. Planta Medica, 57, 38-40.

Abstract: Screening of extracts from Aloe vera revealed the presence of endogenous arachidonic acid, a potential precursor for the prostanoids synthesis. Possible importance of prostaglandins formed endogenously by the plant is discussed.

Agarwal, O. P. (1985, August). Prevention of atheromatous heart disease. Angiology,36(8), 485-492.

Abstract: Five thousand patients of atheromatous heart disease, presented as angina pectoris, were studied over a period of five years. After adding the “Husk of Isabgol” and “Aloe vera” (an indigenous plant known as ghee-guar-ka-paththa) to the diet, a marked reduction in total serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, fasting and post-parandial blood sugar level in diabetic patients, total lipids and also increase in HDL were noted. Simultaneously the clinical profile of these patients showed reduction in the frequency of anginal attacks and gradually, the drugs, like verapamil, nifedipine, beta-blockers and nitrates, were tapered. The patients, most benefitted, were diabetics (without adding any anti-diabetic drug). The exact mechanism of the action of the above two substances is not known, but it appears that probably they act by their high fiber contents. Both of these substances need further evaluation. The most interesting aspect of the study was that no untoward side effect was noted and all the five thousand patients are surviving till date.

Anshoo, G., Singh, S., Kulkarni, A., Pant, S., Vijayaraghavan, R. (2005, March 1). Protective effect of Aloe vera L. Gel against sulphur mustard-induced systemic toxicity and skin lesions. (Research Paper). Indian Journal of Pharmacology.

Abstract: The study shows that percutaneous administration of Sulfur Mustard (SM) induces oxidative stress and oral administration of Aloe vera gel could only partially protect it. Topical application of Aloe vera gel may be beneficial for protecting the skin lesions induced by SM. The effect was marginal.

Arab, Adel. (2003, March 5). Health-Senegal: An ancient herbal medicine makes a comeback. Inter Press Service English News Wire.

Abstract: Reports on use and effect of Aloe vera by Senegalese.

Armstrong, W. D., Spink, Wesley W., & Kahnee, Jeanne. (1943). Antibacterial effects of quinones. Proceedings of Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 230-234.

Abstract: The present report presents quantitative data with respect to the required bacteriostatic and lethal concentrations of several quinones against two species of gram-positive pathogenic cocci.

Aryayev, N. L. (1976). Extract of Aloe: Scientific and clinical data. In Aloe Vera: New Scientific Discoveries by Max B. Skousen, 84-93.

Abstract: Gives properties of Aloe vera and discusses the use of Aloe in the treatment of various diseases.

Atherton, Peter (Dr., MBChB, DObst, RCOG, MRCGP). (1997, June/July). Aloe vera: Myth or medicine? Positive Health. Issue 20.

Abstract: Author is convinced that there is enough evidence available now to suggest that the properties of this amazing plant should be properly tested, to prove whether or not there is just a myth or real medicine here.

Ayyangar, N. R., Bapat, D. S., & Joshi, B. S. (1961, October). Anthraquinone and anthrone series, Part XXVI: A new synthesis of chrysophanol, rhein, islandicin, emodin & physcion. J. Sci. Industr. Res.,20B, 9-13.

Abstract: A new general method for the synthesis of chrysophanol, rhein, islandicin, emodin and physcion, starting from common dye intermediates such as 1-amino-5-chloranthraquinone and 2-methylanthraquinone, is described. Though a number of stages such as halogenation, deamination, replacement of halogen by hydroxyl, methoxylation and demethylation are involved in the synthesis, the reactions proceed without difficulty and good yields are obtained.

Barasnev, Yu. I. (1970). Aloe extract used successfully in the process of brain compensation: An experimental study on animals. Russian Journal of Neuropathogical Science (Zhurnal Neorapatholgii Psikhiatrii), 1815-1819.

Abstract: A high stimulating effect on the brain was marked in introduction of cerebrolysin, Vitamin B12 and Extract of Aloe. The convened study permitted to display not only the stimulating mechanisms of therapeutic drugs on the growing brain, but to ground the expediency of their use in clinical practice for the treatment of cerebral disorders in children.

Baruzzi, D’ssa Maria Cristina, & Rovesti, Paolo (Dr.). (1970). The epidermical action of Aloe vera L. juice. Given at IFSCC Meeting, Centro Internazionale Ricerche Biocosmetiche - Milano.

Abstract: We can attribute a good dermatologic and cosmetologic action to aloe’s juice, so setting this juice among the phytocosmetic protectives modern cosmetology has at its disposal.

Benenson, E., Zhilina, V., & Yagudia, A. (N.D.) Periodontosis (disease and loss of bone holding teeth) treated with extract of Aloe. Moscow Stomatological Institute.

Abstract: Periodontosis treated with extract of Aloe. (Also reference to treatment of cataracts and hearing impairment).

Bharucha, F. R., & Joshi, G. V. (1957, March). Studies in Crassulacean metabolism in Aloe vera linn. The Journal of the University of Bombay,XXV(5).

Abstract: An attempt is made to study organic acid metabolism in Aloe vera.

Bland, Jeffrey (PhD). (1985, March/April). The effect of orally consumed Aloe vera juice on gastrointestinal function in normal humans. Preventive Medicine.

Abstract: This study evaluated the effect of oral Aloe vera juice supplementation on gastric pH, stool specific gravity, protein digestion/absorption, and stool microbiology. Results indicate that supplemental oral Aloe vera juice is well tolerated by most individuals and has favorable effects upon a number of gastrointestinal parameters. A discussion of the potential role of Aloe vera juice on inflammatory bowel disorders based upon this work is presented.

Blitz, Julian J. (DO), Smith, James W. (DO), & Gerard, Jack R. (DO). (1963, April). Aloe vera gel in peptic ulcer therapy: A preliminary report. Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 62, 731-735.

Abstract: There can be little doubt that the properties ascribed to Aloe vera gel should be therapeutically helpful in the management of peptic ulcer; but whether or not these properties occasion correction of the ulcer-producing process, it is unmistakable that Aloe vera gel, through whatever mechanism, is clinically beneficial in the treatment of this very important disease.

Bogaard, M. P. (MD). (1985, July). Report on the analysis of “Aloe vera” gel. (Report prepared on behalf of Unisearch Limited for Friendship Aloe Vera Pty. Ltd. Brookvale).

Abstract: Gives a tables that lists the results of the total solids determination and the elemental analyses. Originals of the infra-red spectra are included with the report.

Bouchey, G. D., & Gjerstad, Gunnar. (1969). Chemical studies of Aloe vera juice II: Inorganic ingredients. Quarterly Journal of Crude Drug Research, 9(4), 1445-1453.

Abstract: An investigation of the mineral constituents of Aloe vera.

Bovik, Ellis G. (DDS, MSD). (1966, January). Aloe vera, panacea or old wives’ tales? Texas Dental Journal, 84, 13-16.

Abstract: Use of Aloe in dentistry.

Bowles, William B. (N.D.). Medical aspects of Aloe. Melbourne, FL: Terry Laboratories.

Abstract: Present uses of aloe vera gel products, potential uses for aloe vera gel products, typical components found in the gel of aloe vera, harvesting, manufacturing and handling of aloe vera gel, new product development.

Brasher, W. James ( Major, DC, USA), Zimmermann, E. R. ( DDS, MA), & Collings, C. K. (MA, DDS). (1969, January). The effects of predisolone, indomethacin, and Aloe vera gel on tissue culture cells. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine & Oral Pathology,27, 122-128.

Burger, A., Grubert, M., & Schuster, O. (N.D.). Aloe vera : Renascence of a traditional natural drug as a dermopharmaceutical. Skin care.

Abstract: Efficiency and tolerance of Aloe vera gel preparations in experimentally induced skin injuries.

Capriotti, Theresa. (1999, February 1). Exploring the ‘Herbal Jungle’. MedSurg Nursing.

Abstract: Discusses natural medicines in general with a some information specifically regarding Aloe vera.

Castillo, Rafael (MD). (N.D.). Aloe vera for heart disease, cancer? Inquirer.

Abstract: A doctor’s look at scientific literature regarding Aloe vera and heart disease/cancer.

Cera, Lee M. (DVM), Heggers, John P. (PhD, MT[AMT]), Hafstrom, William J. (MD), & Robson, Martin C. (MD). (1982, July/August). Therapeutic protocol for thermally injured animals and its successful use in an extensively burned Rhesus monkey. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association,18, 633-638.

Abstract: This article from the University of Chicago Burn Center, is exceptional because the 70% burns received accidentally by this monkey should have been fatal, but the animal was not only saved but quickly returned to good health by treatment, the primary part of which was by Aloe vera.

Cera, Lee M. (DVM), Heggers, John P. (PhD), Robson, Martin C. (MD), & Hafstrom, William J. (MD). (1980, September/October). The therapeutic efficacy of Aloe vera cream in thermal injuries: Two case reports. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association,16, 768-772.

Abstract: This report by the University of Chicago Burn Center is about two dogs, both mixed shepherds, who were accidentally burned over such a large portion of their bodies that ordinary treatment would have been considered nearly futile. The very successful use of an Aloe vera cream is carefully documented.

Cheney, Ralph H. (ScD). (1970). Aloe drug in human therapy. Quarterly Journal of Crude Drug Research,10, 1523-1530.

Abstract: Briefly discusses history, botany, parts used and production, chemistry, medical evaluation and experimentation of Aloe as it relates to x-ray and other thermal injuries and skin diseases.

Cherikchi, L. Ye. (N.D.). On the stability of therapeutic effect in treatment of eye diseases with Aloe extract electrophoresis (results of late observations). In Aloe Vera: New Scientific Discoveries by Max Skousen, 102-105.

Abstract: Therapeutic effect obtained in treatment of various eye diseases with aloe extract electrophoresis, is persistent. The effect of repeated courses of treatment with aloe extract electrophoresis is attended most commonly by further improvement in the conditions of the eyes.

Chikalo, I., & Bolovyeve, V. (N.D.). The small intestine’s function effected by Aloe extract. Extract of Aloe, Supplement to Clinical Data. Moscow, USSR: Medexport, Ukrainian SSR Research Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy.

Abstract: Aloe extract may be recommended for stimulating the secretory function of the small intestine.

Chithra, P., Sajithlal, G.B., & Chandrakasan, Gowri. (1998, January). Influence of Aloe vera on the glycosaminoglycans in the matrix of healing dermal wounds in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,59(3), 179-186.

Abstract: It was observed that Aloe vera increased the collagen content of the granulation tissue, as well as its degree of cross linking as seen by increased aldehyde and decreased acid solubility. The group consuming Aloe vera indicated enhanced levels of type III collagen.

Clarke, Jane. (2004, April 25). The potted physician: Body foods by Britain’s leading nutrition expert. The Mail on Sunday. London, England.

Abstract: General discussion of how Aloe helps disease.

Cole, H. N. (MD), & Chen, K. K. (MD). (1943, February). Aloe vera in oriental dermatology. Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology, 47, 250.

Abstract: Brief history of oriental dermatological use of Aloe.

Collins, C. E. (DDS, MD), & Collins, Creston (MS). (1935, March). Roentgen dermatitis treated with fresh whole leaf of Aloe vera. American Journal of Roentgenology, 33(3), 396-397.

Abstract: Fresh Aloe vera used for x-ray dermatitis. This article by Dr. Creston Collins and his father was the landmark report, creating waves of interest throughout the world among medical science. Since the new wonder treatment of roentgen rays had some tragic side effects, the ancient and often scoffed at “Medicine Plant” provided the only workable solution for many cases.

Cope, Oliver. (1948) .The burn problem. Advances in Military Medicine,1, Chapter XII, 149-154.

Abstract: Pearl Harbor, World War II, and other burn disasters prompted this discussion of possible burn treatments.

Crewe, J. E. (MD). (1937). The external use of Aloes. Minnesota Medicine, 20, 670-673.

Abstract: Aloe treatment for palmar eczema, pruritus vulva, external ulcers, poison ivy and burns.

Crewe, J. E. (MD). (1939, January 6). Aloes in the treatment of burns and scalds. Minnesota Medicine,22, 538-539.

Abstract: This method has proved so simple and the results have been so satisfactory, that I have not used any other treatment for burns since the spring of 1935. I employ an ointment of which the active ingredient is Aloe.

Czarapata, B. J. (1995, October). Whole-leaf Aloe vera capsules in interstitial cystitis, painful bladder syndrome, chronic pelvic pain, and nonbacterial prostatitis: A double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial using Desert Harvest Aloe vera at the Urology Wellness Center, Rockville, Maryland. Proceedings of the NIDDK Scientific Symposium, San Diego, California. National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland.

Abstract: Because of the promising anecdotal findings of interstitial cystitis (IC) patients who had tried Desert Harvest’s whole-leaf, freeze-dried Aloe vera capsules, the Urology Wellness Center (UWC) in Rockville, Maryland, designed a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of this highly concentrated form of the Aloe vera plant in 13 IC/PBS patients. The study included three months of placebo followed by three months of Aloe vera or vice versa, depending on randomization. The study included a cross-over segment, with each patient receiving both substances at some point during the study and acting as her/his own control. The patients were assigned control numbers randomized by computer, and the products were shipped directly to the patient every month by the blinded manufacturer. The primary objective of the study was to monitor the safety and efficacy of Desert Harvest’s concentrated whole-leaf, freeze-dried Aloe vera capsules in the management of the symptoms of IC/PBS. The symptoms that were monitored included urinary frequency, nocturia, dysuria, urgency, and suprapubic pain. Response to therapy was monitored by Quality-of-Life Assessment, IC Symptom/Problem Index, Health Status Questionnaire, and 24-Hour Voiding Diary. Of the 13 patients who were recruited for the study, 8 completed the full six months of the trial. Of the 8 patients who completed the study, 7 patients received relief from at least some of their symptoms of pelvic pain, frequency of urination, pressure, or nocturia (87.5%). Four patients experienced significant relief from all or most of their symptoms (50%). Only one patient had no response after completing all six months of the study (12.5%).

Danhof, Ivan E. (PhD, MD). (Autumn/Winter). Aloe leaf handling and constituent variability. Aloe Today, 12-15.

Abstract: The best aloe is a preparation which maximizes the desired constituents, minimizes any ingredient with negative effects, maintains the constituents in an unaltered and active form, preserves the actions and benefits, and is present in the final product in amounts which, indeed, can bring about the desired result when the product is used as recommended. The type of aloe leaf constituent desired can be obtained by various handling, processing and preserving systems; the ultimate use determining the best approaches to be utilized. Whole-leaf and “cold process” recommended.

Danhof, Ivan E. (PhD, MD). Internal uses of Aloe vera.

Abstract: Aloe used in intestinal disorders, atherosclerosis and coronary hearth disease, anti-cancer actions, immunity,

Danhof, Ivan (PhD, MD). (1991, July). Potential benefits from orally-ingested internal Aloe vera gel. Presented to the International Aloe Science Council 10 th Annual Aloe Scientific Seminar.

Abstract: Evidence will be presented that suggests increasing credibility for the benefits of ingested aloe gel.

Danhof, Ivan (MD, PhD). (N.D.). The fundamentals.

Abstract: Dr. Danhof is regarded by many as the leading authority on the Aloe vera plant. This paper gives the fundamentals of how the polysaccharide molecules help the body in the healing process.

Danhof, Ivan E. (PhD, MD). (N.D.). Position statement on polysaccharides.

Abstract: Discourages the use of the term mucopolysaccharides and encourages the use of the term polysaccharides when discussing Aloe vera.

Davis, Robert H. (PhD). (1992, Autumn). Comments on the Aloe leaf. Aloe Today.

Abstract: General comments about Aloe including the structure of the leaf, how Aloe vera is made, skin penetration by mucilage and aloe vera, the aloe leaf assay, and the aloe vera cell.

Davis, Robert H. (PhD) (N.D.). The conductor-orchestra concept of Aloe vera. Cosmetics and Toiletries, 21-24.

Abstract: “The Conductor-Orchestra Concept” was developed to better define the relationships that exist among over 200 biologically active compounds within Aloe vera. One of these molecules, a polysaccharide, acts as the conductor and leads a symphony composed of these 200+ biologically active compounds.

Davis, Robert H. (PhD), Di Donato, Joseph J. (BA, BS), Hartman, Glenn M. (BS), & Haas, Richard C. (BA). (1992). Mannose-6-phosphate: Anti-inflammatory and wound healing activity of a growth substance in Aloe vera. Submitted for 1993 William J. Stickle Award.

Abstract: This study attempts to define the role of the two major sugar constituents in the Aloe plant, mannose and glucose. We analyzed these sugars in the phosphorylated form. The significance of this study lies in the ability of the phosphorylated sugars to fit the growth factor receptors on the surface of the fibroblast.

Davis, Robert H. (PhD), Di Donato, Joseph J. (BA, BS), Hartman, Glenn M. (BS), & Haas, Richard C. (BA). (1994, February). Anti-inflammatory and wound healing activity of a growth substance in Aloe vera. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 84(2), 77-81.

Abstract: Aloe vera improves wound healing and inhibits inflammation. Since mannose-6-phosphate is the major sugar in the Aloe gel, the authors examined the possibility of its being an active growth substance. Mice receiving 300 mc/kg of mannose-6-phosphate had improved wound healing over saline controls. This dose also had anti-inflammatory activity. The function of mannose-6-phosphate in A. vera is discussed.

Davis, Robert H. (PhD), Kabbani, Joseph M. (BS), & Maro, Nicholas P. (BS). (1987, April). Aloe vera and wound healing. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 77(4), 165-169.

Abstract: The authors present a study of the wound healing effects of Aloe vera. Special emphasis is given to combined RNA and vitamin C with Aloe because of their effectiveness against arthritis. Consideration is given to anthraquinones because their influence is not clearly understood. As a result of the preliminary findings in the study, the authors recommend Aloe for the treatment of wounds.

Davis, Robert H. (PhD), Leitner, Mark G. (RPh), & Russo, Joseph M. (BA). (1987, November). Topical anti-inflammatory activity of Aloe vera as measured by ear swelling. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 77(11), 610-612.

Abstract: The authors believe that this study provides a major breakthrough for Aloe and an effective treatment against inflammation for podiatrists.

Davis, Robert H. (PhD), Leitner, Mark G. (RPh), & Russo, Joseph M. (BA). (1988, February). Aloe vera - a natural approach for treating wounds, edema, and pain in diabetes. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association,78(2), 60-68.

Abstract: In this research project, the authors extrapolate their earlier findings, and better characterize Aloe vera as a therapeutic alternative for physicians to consider. They attempt to evaluate A. vera as an effective treatment for some of the most critical manifestations of diabetes.

Davis, Robert H. (PhD), Leitner, Mark G. (RPh, DPM), Russo, Joseph M. (DPM), & Byrne, Megan E. (BS). (1989, November). Wound healing: Oral and topical activity of Aloe vera. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 79(11), 559-562.

Abstract: The influence of Aloe vera, orally and topically, on wound healing was studied. These data suggest that A. vera is effective by both oral and topical routes of administration.

Davis, Robert H., Leitner, Mark G., Russo, Joseph M., & Matro, Nicholas P. (1987). Biological activity of Aloe vera. Med. Sci. Res, 15, 235.

Abstract: Our laboratory has shown that Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) was effective against adjuvant induced arthritis. There are no known side effects of the plant gel. In the present study, we attempted to show the comparative biological activity of Aloe vera as measured by standard anti-inflammatory tests: polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration, mustard induced edema, anti-fibrosis and wound healing.

Davis, Robert H. (PhD), Parker, William L. (BA), & Merdock, Douglas P. (Bsc). (1991, January). Aloe vera as a biologically active vehicle for hydrocortisone acetate. Submitted for the 1989 William J. Stickel Awards.

Abstract: This study attempts to use Aloe vera with hydrocortisone acetate to improve the effectiveness of this type of therapy. Inflammation is a major component of many of the conditions treated by the podiatrist. The significance of this study lies in the ability to increase steroid potency by using a natural substance.

Davis, Robert H. (PhD), Rosenthal, Kenneth Y., Cesario, Linda R., & Rouw, Gregory A. (1989, August). Processed Aloe vera administered topically inhibits inflammation. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association,79(8), 395-397.

Abstract: Aloe vera preparations were evaluated for topical anti-inflammatory activity using the croton oil-induced edema assay. These results may be used as a baseline to assess the biologic activity of A. vera in the treatment of inflammation by podiatric physicians.

Davis, Robert H. (PhD), Shipiro, Eugene, & Agnew, Patrick S. (1985, May). Topical effect of Aloe with ribonucleic acid and vitamin C on adjuvant arthritis. Journal of the American Podiatry Association, 75(5), 229-237.

Abstract: The anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic topical activity of combined ascorbic acid, aloe extract, and RNA in hydrophilic cream were evaluated in this study. The results may provide an effective topical treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.

Dyniock, William. (1893). 1893 British pharmacographica indica on Aloe vera. pharmacographica Indica, 111, 467-472.

Abstract: This is a remarkable report on different species as published by the British in the history of principal drug vegetable origin that they found in India. Its century old origin makes it a collector’s item. It is not easy reading but has some interesting history.

Evening Mail. (2000, June 13). Health and life: Dear doctor. Birmingham Evening Mail Birmingham, England.

Abstract: Questions and answers regarding irritable bowel syndrome and other gastric diseases.

Farkas, Alexander. (1967). Aloe polysaccharide composition and its preparation. United States Patent Office, 3,360,511, patented December 26, 1967.

Abstract: A method of reducing depolymerization and/or deterioration of aqueous dispersions of aloe polysaccharide compositions by the effects of bacteria, fungi and enzymes, comprising mixing the aloe polysaccharide or its aqueous dispersion with a gum selected from a group consisting of guar gum and locust bean gum, either in dry form or in aqueous dispersions of the gum.

Farkas, Alexander (Dr.). (1963). Topical medicament including polyuronide derived from Aloe. Chemical Abstracts, 60, 378g-379a. Patent on one of the active ingredients of Aloe vera, U.S. Patent No. 3,103,466, received on September 10, 1963. Claim was filed on December 23, 1954.

Abstract: The product, while quickly relieving pain, particularly from burns, appears thereby to have an analgesic and anesthetic effect; particularly in the type of healing rapidly promoted by the composition, it appears to have a detoxifying effect that may be the results of the reducing action inherent in the polyuronide without causing irritation, because burns, even second and third degree burns, become healed unusually rapidly, and the skin re-forms with rapid granulating, without scab formation.

Farnsworth, Norman R., & Morris, Ralph W. (1976, March-April). Higher plants: The sleeping giant of drug development. American Journal of Pharmacy, 46-52.

Abstract: The main thrusts of this article are to point out the value of drugs derived form higher plants, to point out the importance of these drugs to physicians, and to suggest several reasons why higher plants essentially are being neglected in new drug development research programs.

Finbar, Magee (Dr.). (2002, November 6). Health watch: Alternative path: Aloe, aloe – what’s all this then? The News Letter. Belfast, Northern Ireland.

Abstract: Lists some of the benefits of Aloe and also some of the 75 plus nutritional substances. “What is also apparent is that the plant itself is better than the sum of the individual components. In some way the synergistic balance out performs isolated components.”

Flesch, Peter (MD, PhD). (1959, January). Mucopolysaccharides in Human Epidermis. The Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists, X(1), 154-159.

Abstract: This paper deals with a component of the human epidermis, the mucopolysaccharides. Experimental and clinical studies indicate that these compounds are probably essential for the synthesis of normal keratin. Certain types of hair loss may be due to disturbances in the hypothetical mucopolysaccharide-keratin metabolic chain.

Fmoin, A. (N.D.). Nocturnal incontinence (urine dribbling) in children treated by Aloe extract. Extract of Aloe, Supplement to Clinical Data, by Medexport, USSR, Moscow.

Abstract: Treatment of nocturnal incontinence in children by Aloe vera.

Fortak, Waldemar. (1964). Biostymin, extract of Aloe histologic and histochemical studies on the influence of biostymin on regeneration of hepatic parenchyma in white rats. Archivum Immunologiae El Therapiae Experimentalis,12, 80-95.

Abstract: A study on healing of injured white rats by a product developed in Poland from Aloe juice, called Biostymin, meaning biogenic stimulator, made from Aloe aborescens.

Fortak, Waldemar, Karasek, Michal, & Kolaszynski, Jacek. (1964). Biostymin: Aloe extract histologic and histochemical studies on the mechanism of action of biostymin in the animal body. Archivum Immunologiae El Therapiae Experimentalis, 12, 96-105.

Abstract: This study was undertaken with the idea of elucidating, by means of morphochemical methods, the effect of Biostymin on the reticuleondothelial system of the spleen and the action of the drug on the adrenals in white rats.

Foster, Steven. (N.D.). Aloe vera: The succulent with skin-soothing, cell-protecting properties.

Abstract: general background and information on Aloe vera, specifically discussing aloe as an immuno-stimulator, tumor inhibitor, wound healer, cosmetic agent, and its use as a laxative as well as information on growing aloe vera.

Fox, Timothy R. (1990, December). Aloe vera: Revered, mysterious healer. Health Foods Business, 45ff.

Abstract: Part of a Consumer Education Series. Discusses the ability to quickly and completely heal skin tissue.

Fujita, Keisuke, Beppu, Hidehiko, Kawai, Kaoru, & Shinpo, Kan. (1992, Winter). Ancient herb in new form delivers proven effects. Aloe Today, 9-13.

Abstract: Discusses proven effects of Aloe vera in treating burns, gastric ulcers, and precancerous lesions.

Fujita, Keisuke, Suzuki, I., Ochiai, J., Shinpo, J., Inoue, S., & Saito, H. (1978). Specific reaction of Aloe extract with serum proteins of various animals. Experientia,34, 523-524.

Abstract: This report details a very interesting approach to explain the effectiveness of Aloe on healing wounds and being anti-inflammatory. They found that there were some biologically active proteins contained in Aloe and that these may be involved in the healing process.

Fujita, Keisuke, Teradaira, Ryon, & Nagatsu, Toshiharu. (1976). Bradykinase activity of Aloe extract. Biochemical Pharmacology, 25, 205.

Abstract: As pharmacological evidence for the anti-inflammatory action of aloe, we have found that aloe extract contains bradykinase activity.

Furta, Keisuke, & Teradaira, Ryon. (N.D.). Bradykinase activity of Aloe extract. In Aloe Vera: New Scientific Discoveries by Max B. Skousen, 61-63.

Abstract: Technical report from Japanese source. The paper deals with the anti-inflammatory activity of Aloe vera and shows a very encouraging indication for reducing inflammation in wounds.

Gaby, Alan R. (2004, October 1). Aloe vera for ulcerative colitis. (Literature Review & Commentary). Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients.

Abstract: Although previous studies have shown that Aloe vera extracts have anti-inflammatory activity, this is the first study to provide scientific support for Aloe vera as a treatment for ulcerative colitis.

Gale Group. (1998, November 1). Aloe vera: Actually two very different herbs in one. Environmental Nutrition.

Abstract: Aloe gel and juice are distinctly different, with different properties and uses.

Gale Group. (2000, October 15). Cleopatra knew beauty benefits of Aloe vera. Sunday Mail. Glasgow, Scotland.

Abstract: Briefly discusses history and use of Aloe vera on the skin and internally and specific reasons it benefits the body.

Gale Group. (2004, November 1). Research links Aloe to bioavailability of vitamins C and E. Nutraceuticals World.

Abstract: Research has linked Aloe to the bioavailability of both water- and fat-soluble vitamins, which remain elevated in the bloodstream for 24 hours.

Gale Group. (2005, November 1). Aloe vera coating for fruits and vegetables. (Update). Engineering & Technology for a Sustainable World.

Abstract: Aloe vera gel as a healthy preservative coating on fruits and vegetables. The gel also offers potential environmental benefits.

Gasau-zade, A. I., & Ali-zade, R. A. (N.A.). On application of Aloe extract with Novocain in complex therapy of periodontosis (amphodontosis). In Aloe Vera: New Scientific Discoveries by Max B. Skousen.

Abstract: Discusses application of Aloe extract with Novocain in treating periodontosis.

Gerasisov, A. (N.D.). Treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis by inhalation of Aloe extract. Extract of Aloe, Supplement to Clinical Data, Medexport, USSR, Moscow.

Abstract: There is no data in the literature on using aloe for inhalation; the present communication presents results of the first observation of this kind.

Gjerstad, Gunnar. (1971). Chemical studies of Aloe vera juice I: Amino acid analysis. Advancing Frontiers of Plant Sciences,28, 311-315, (Biol. Abs. 54:33019).

Abstract: The objective of this study was to ascertain the chemical composition of this alleged wonder drug.

Gjerstad, Gunnar, & Riner, T. D. (1968, March-April). Current status of Aloe as a cure-all. American Journal of Pharmacy,140(2), 58-64.

Abstract: Dr. Gjerstad notes that the general public accepts much of what Aloe can do for them, but there needs to be more scientific studies done.

Goff, Sidney (PhD), & Levenstein, Irving (PhD). (1964). Measuring the effects of topical preparations upon the healing of skin wounds. Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists, 15, 509-518.

Abstract: Under controlled conditions, with the mouse as the experimental animal, it has been shown that the tensile strength of a standardized skin wound increased as the wound healed. The effects of several preparations applied topically to the standard wound were demonstrated by tensile strength measurements.

Goldberg, H. C. (1944). The Aloe vera plant. Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology,49, 46.

Gottshall, R. Y., Lucas, E. H., Lickfeldt, Ardeth, & Roberts, J. M. (1949). The occurrence of antibacterial substances active against mycobacterium tuberculosis in seed plants. Journal of Clinical Investigation,28, 920-923.

Abstract: The antibacterial activity against M. tuberculosis, strain H37, of 211 plant samples from 161 species belonging to 53 families of seed plants was determined by serial dilution tests.

Grindlay, Douglas, & Reynolds T. (1986). The Aloe vera phenomenon: A review of the properties and modern uses of the leaf Parenchyma gel. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,16, 117-151.

Abstract: This article has been said to be THE best overview of Aloe vera’s properties and modern uses.

Gyanchandani, N. D., & Nigam, I. C. (1969, July). Anthraquinone drugs, II: Inadvertent acetylation of Aloe-emodin during preparation of aglycones from crude drugs: UV, IR, and NMR spectra of the products. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,58(7), 833-835.

Abstract: Hydrolysis of anthraquinone glycosides with acetic acid leads to a partial acetylation of aloe-emodin, one of the liberated aglycones. With the aid of UV, IR, and NMR spectra, this hitherto unreported compound has been characterized as aloe-emodin monoacetate. The same compound is also formed when the simultaneous oxidation and hydrolysis of the glycosides is effected with FeCl 3 in presence of HCl and the resultant aglycones extracted with ethyl acetate.

Hagan, Pat. (2005, October 11). Plant juice ended my stomach agony: One tiny glass of Aloe vera a day could banish colitis symptoms. Good Health. The Daily Mail. London, England.

Abstract: A drink made from the Aloe vera plant is helping patients control the symptoms of ulcerative colitis, a disease that affects the bowels.

Halle, Martyn. (2000, May 21). Health juice ‘danger’ for mums-to-be. (News). Sunday Mirror London, England.

Abstract: Aloe vera is said to be highly effective at relieving such conditions as irritable bowel syndrome, colitis, ulcers and hiatus hernia. Article cautions women who are pregnant because of the possible aloin content in Aloe vera juice. [Note that Desert Harvest aloe vera products do not contain aloin or any of the other anthraquinones that cause problem during pregnancy.]

Hanley, Denice C., Solomon, William A. B., Saffran, Barry, & Davis, Robert H. (PhD). (1982, June). The evaluation of natural substances in the treatment of adjuvant arthritis. Journal of the American Podiatry Association,72(6), 275-284.

Abstract: This work may provide effective treatment modalities for preventing and treating rheumatoid arthritis.

Hart, L. A., van Enckevort, P. H., van Dijk, H., Zaat, R, de Silva, K. T .D., & Labadie, R. P. (1988). Two functionally and chemically distinct immunomodulatory compounds in the gel of Aloe vera. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,23, 61-71.

Abstract: An aqueous extract of Aloe vera gel was analyzed guided by modulatory activity with regard to the in vitro activation of human complement and of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN).

Hedendal, Bruce Eric (DC, PhD). (N.D.). Whole-leaf Aloe vera, almost a panacea: An overview of one of the most accepted, yet misunderstood, medicinal plans in history. Simply Natural Products.

Abstract: Discusses benefits of Aloe vera, especially cold processed.

Heggers, John P. (PhD), Pineless, Gary R. (BS), & Robson, Martin C. (MD). (1979, September/October). Dermaide Aloe / Aloe vera gel: Comparison of the antimicrobial effects. Journal of American Medical Technologists,41(5), 293-294.

Abstract: This article from the University of Chicago Burn Center records a comparison between two Aloe vera products as to their comparative antimicrobial activity which is important in the treatment of burns and many other injuries. Aloe inhibits the growth of some of the most dangerous microbes.

Henderson, Charles. (1991, August 5). Substance boosts therapeutic effects of AZT. AIDS Weekly, 2-3.

Abstract: A complex carbohydrate compound purified from aloe vera appears to help drugs such as AZT and ACY block the pathology associated with HIV and herpes simplex virus. They also found that acemannan interfered with HIV’s ability to reproduce in infected cells.

Henry, Ray. (1979, June). An updated review of Aloe vera. Cosmetics & Toiletries,94(6), 42-50.

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to update what is happening with the aloe vera plant in respect to history, current findings of the medical industry, identification of some of the compounds, commercial applications of extracts, safety data, and efficacy of extracts in cosmetics.

Hirata, Toshifumi, & Suga, Takayuki. (1977). Biologically active constituents of leaves and roots of Aloe arborescens var. natalensis. Zeitschrift Fur Naturforsch,32, 731-734.

Abstract: Several biologically active substances, such as aloenin, magnesium lactate, aloe-emodin, barbaloin, and succinic acid were found to be contained tin the leaf juice of Aloe arborescens Mill. Var. natalensis Berger, which has widely been used in domestic medicines. Aloenin and magnesium lactate were elucidated to exhibit an inhibitory action on the gastric juice secretion of rats and was taken to also be helpful for arthritis and rheumatic fever. Various constituents other than the above bioactive substances were found in the leaves and the roots of the plant.

Hirata, Toshifumi, & Suga, Takayuki. (1978). Structure of aloenin, a new biologically-active bitter glucoside from Aloe arborescens var. natalensis. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan,51(3), 842-849.

Abstract: Aloenin, a new bitter glucoside with an inhibitory activity for the gastric juice secretion of rats, was isolated from the leaves of Aloe arborescens Mill. var. natalensis.

Hirata, Toshifumi, Sakano, S., & Suga, Takayuki. (1981). Biotransformation of aloenin, a bitter glucoside constituent of Aloe arborescens, by rats. Experientia, 37, 1252-1253.

Abstract: Aloenin has been established to show an inhibitory activity for gastric juice.

Horn, Claud L. (1941). Botanical science helps to develop a new relief for human suffering. Journal of The New York Botanical Garden,42 (496), 88-92.

Abstract: Aloe is mentioned in relation to burns, diseases of the chest, wounds, ringworm, roundworm, as a purgative, X-ray burns, and other diseases.

Howe, Maggy. (1996, July 1). Nature’s cure-all: Aloe vera. Country Living.

Abstract: Aloe vera appears to be an all-around herbal cure for many ailments. These range from burns, insect bites and rashes to medical applications as eye drops, toothpaste and anti-inflammatory agents. Although scientific proof of and research into all of Aloe’s claims remain in their early stages, evidence of Aloe vera’s healing qualities is mounting. A specific section is written concerning Leaky Gut Syndrome.

Imanishi, Ken̛ichi. (1993). Aloctin A, an active substance of Aloe arborescens Miller as immunomodulator. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Women’s Medical College, Tokyo, Japan, 1-4.

Abstract: In this article, I would like to describe the antitumor activity of Aloe A using methylcholanthrene-induced nurine fibrosarcoma (MethA) and lymphocytic leukemia in syngeneic mouse systems.

International Aloe Science Council, Inc. (N.D.). Aloe vera analysis: High pressure liquid chromatography bonded amine assay. Austin, TX: IASC.

Abstract: Reagents, instrument conditions, procedure, standard reference sample, location of “E” peak in products, reference HPLC scans.

Ito, Shosuke, Teradaira, Ryo, Beppu, Hidehiko, Obata, Masafumi, Fujita, Keisuke, & Nagatsu, Toshiharu. (N.D.). Biochemical properties of carboxypeptidase in Aloe arborescens Miller var. natalensis Berger. 77-86.

Abstract: A carboxypeptidase was partially purified from Aloe arborescens Miller var. Natalensis Berger in a scale suitable for pharmacological studies. The results indicate that aloe enzyme is a serine carboxypeptidase and appears to contain a sulfydryl group that may be involved in its inactivation.

Ivy Research. (1978, October-December). Wound Healing Assay, Ivy Research Protocol #3791.

Abstract: To determine whether the materials tested interfere or enhance the healing process of superficial dermal wounds.

Jelly Feng, Shanghai Office. (2002, September 5). Aloe vera a favoured natural ingredient in Shanghai life. Tdctrade.com.

Abstract: Studies suggest that, in addition to its cosmetic properties, Aloe Vera can also be used in fighting cancer, bacteria and inflammation, reducing blood sugar and blood fat levels and healing wounds. No wonder the plant is so widely used in skin care, cosmetic, medical, healthcare and food products, and that Aloe products are popular in the market.

Jia, Qi (Dr.). Research focuses on chromones in Aloe. Univera Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Abstract: Dr. Qi Jia of Univera Pharmaceuticals investigates the role chromones may play in the anti-inflammatory effects Aloe displays. [LINK TO IASC]

Jones, Ken. (2006). Dietary aloe vera supplementation and glycemic control in diabetes. Nutraceuticals.

Abstract: A growing body of preclinical and clinical research shows that the gel of the Aloe vera plant, administered as a juice or in dried form, has significant antidiabetic activity. Not surprisingly, studies using animal models outnumber clinical trials, but animal studies provide supporting evidence and often provide insights into mechanisms of action.

Karaca, K., Sharma, J. M., & Nordgren, R. (1995). Nitric oxide production by chicken macrophages activated by Acemannan. International 1. Immuno Pharmacology, 17(3), 183-188.

Abstract: Cultures of normal chicken spleen cells and HD11 line cells produce nitric oxide (NO) in response to Acemannan, a complex carbohydrate derived from the Aloe vera plant. Neither cell type produced detectable amounts of NO in response to similar concentrations of yeast mannan, another complex carbohydrate. Nitric oxide production was dose dependent and inhibitable by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N G-methyl-L-arginine. In addition, the production of NO was inhibited by preincubation of ACM with concanavalin A in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that ACM-induced NO synthesis may be mediated through macrophage mannose receptors, and macrophage activation may be accountable for some of the immunomodulatory effects of ACM in chickens.

Kavalier, Fred. (N.D.). A question of health: I can’t seem to get rid of the infection that is giving me a terrible cough. And how can I produce my own aloe vera juice at home? (Features) (Bug that won’t go away). The Independent London, England.

Abstract: Answers these questions.

Kawai, Kaoru, Beppu, Hidehiko, Koike, Takaaki, Fujita, Keisuke, & Marunouchi, Tohru. (N.D.). Tissue culture of Aloe arborescens Miller var. natalensis Berger. 141-154.

Abstract: We examined the culture conditions for callus induction in the tissues of Aloe arborescens.

Kislyak, N., & Posnyak, I. (N.D.). Hypochromic anemia in small children treated with syrup of Aloe with iron. Extract of Aloe, Supplement to Clinical Data, Medexport, USSR, Moscow.

Abstract: In addition to the fact that aloe itself is a good biogenic stimulator, it preserves the iron in its most active form, reduces the irritation effect of iron on the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, and imparts a pleasant taste to the preparation. There are indications that the new preparation is highly effective in the treatment of hypochromic anemias in adults as well.

Klein, Louise. (1993, March 1). Aloe vera: Au naturel. Vibrant Life.

Abstract: Use of aloe vera as a plant and includes some discussion on specific properties of the plant.

Kupchan, S. Morris, & Karim, Aziz. (N.D.). Tumor inhibitors, Aloe emodin Antileukemic principle isolated from rhamnus frangula L. Lloydia, 39.

Abstract: This breakthrough research report identifies the ingredient that gives Aloe its anti-tumor characteristic on the cellular level.

Kurilenko, M. I. (N.D.) On studying the ampoullated Aloe extract. In Aloe Vera: New Scientific Discoveries by Max Skousen, 98-101.

Abstract: The aloe extracts prepared from fresh and dried raw stock are found to be identical as to the total amount of acids and cations, the pH, and also to chromatographic behavior on paper.

Kuzuya, H. (2006, January 1). Inhibitory effects of Aloe carboxypeptidase fraction on streptozotocin-induced enhancement of vascular permeability in the pancreatic islets. Phytomedicine: International Journal of Phytotherapy & Phytopharmacology.

Abstract: The protective actions of components isolated from Aloe arborescens Miller var. natalensis Berger on streptozotocin-induced necrosis of B cells in the pancreatic islets of the mouse were investigated to clarify its action mechanism involved in anti-diabetic effects.

Kyker, Kimberly D., Coffman, Jean, & Hurst, Robert E. (2005, March 23). Exogenous glycosaminoglycans coat damaged bladder surfaces in experimentally damaged mouse bladder. BMC Urology, 5, 4.

Abstract: Interstitial cystitis is often treated with exogenous glycosaminoglycans such as heparin, chondroitin sulphate (Uracyst), hyaluronate (Cystistat) or the semi-synthetic pentosan polysulphate (Elmiron). The mechanism of action is presumed to be due to a coating of the bladder surface to replace the normally present chondroitin sulphate and heparin sulphate lost as a result of the disease. This study used fluorescent labeled chondroitin sulphate to track the distribution of glycosaminoglycans administered intravesically to mouse bladder that had been damaged on the surface. Glycosaminoglycan administered intravesically does bind to damaged bladder. Given that the changes seen following bladder damage resemble those seen naturally in interstitial cystitis, the mechanisms proposed for the action of these agents is consistent with the coating of damaged bladder.

Langstone, Anthony. (2000, February 19). Bitter truth: Aloe vera. The Epoch Times.

Abstract: Aloe vera is once again gaining the interest of researchers. Aloe means bitter in Arabic, and vera is Latin for truth.

Leun, Albert Y. (PhD). (1977, June). Effective ingredients of Aloe vera. Drugs and Cosmetics, 34-35, 154-155.

Abstract: Effective ingredients of Aloe vera.

Leun, Albert Y. (1985, September). Aloe vera update: A new form questions integrity of old. Drug & Cosmetics Industry, 42-46.

Abstract: Discusses the ability to now stabilize processed yet active Aloe so that more reliable tests may be done.

Levenson, S., & Somova, K. (N.D.). Periodontosis (disease of the bone holding teeth) treated with Aloe extract. Irkutak Medical Institute, Russia.

Abstract: Treatment of periodontosis with aloes extract produced positive results, both direct and remote.

Lorenzetti, Lorna J., Salisbury, Rupert, Beal, Jack L., & Baldwin, Jack N. (1964, October). Bacteriostatic property of Aloe vera. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science,53(10), 1287.

Abstract: Antibacterial property of Aloe vera. Freeze-dried juice obtained from Aloe vera and heated for 15 minutes at 80° inhibited several test microorganisms.

Lovelady, Sara. (2004, October 1). Diabetes: The all-American disease: Given the rise in diabetes, nutraceutical solutions are in demand. Nutraceuticals World.

Abstract: A placebo-controlled, single-blind human clinical trial found that diabetics receiving 15 milliliters of Aloe gel twice a day for 42 days experienced 43 % and 44% reductions in blood sugar and blood triglycerides, respectively, while controls experienced no change.

Loveman, Adolph B. (MD). (1937). Leaf of Aloe vera in treatment of Roentgen ray ulcers: Report of 2 additional cases, Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology,36, 838-843.

Abstract: Reports two cases of aloe used for roentgen burns.

Lushbaugh, C. C. (MD), & Hale, D. B. (Dr., BS). (1953, July). Experimental acute radiodermatitis following beta irradiation. V. histopathological study of the mode of action of therapy with Aloe vera. Cancer,6, 690-698.

Abstract: Animal research on acute radiation damage.

Madis Laboratories, Inc. (N.D.). Veragel: Purified Aloe leaf extract derived from Aloe vera gel.

Abstract: History of aloe gel as well as its applications and uses.

Makino, Kenji, Yagi, Akira, & Itsuo Nishioka. (1974). Studies on the constituents of Aloe arborescens Mill. var. natalensis Berger. II. The structures of two new aloesin esters. Chem. Pharm. Bulletin, 22(7), 1565-1570.

Abstract: Two new aloesin esters were isolated from the fresh leaves of Aloe arborescens Mill. var. natalensis Berger. These esters are the first naturally occurring 2"-O-acylated C-glucosyl compounds.

Mandeville, Frederick B. (MD). (1939). Aloe vera in the treatment of radiation ulcers of mucous membranes. Radiology, 32, 598-599.

Abstract: Literature on Aloe vera therapy for radiation ulcers of the skin is briefly reviewed. Radiation ulcers of the mucous membranes and adjacent tissues of body cavities may also be treated with the fresh leaf of Aloe vera. A case of osteo-radio-necrosis of the mouth so treated and well two years following healing is briefly reported.

Mangelson, Mark L. (DDS), Carson, Robert E., Uydea, Gregg T., Moore, Timothy E., & Cucchiara, Andrew J. (N.D.). Effects of Aloe vera irrigation on pathogenic microorganisms associated with moderate to advanced adult periodontitis. University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry, Graduate Periodontics Program.

Abstract: Controlled in vivo human study of the effects of Aloe vera on pathogenic microorganisms associated with adult periodontitis.

Mary, Nouri Y., Christensen, Bernard V., & Beal, Jack L. (1956, April). A paper chromatographic study of Aloe, aloin and of cascara sagrada. Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association, XLV(4), 229-232.

Abstract: A qualitative and quantitative study of aloe, aloin, and cascara sagrada by the use of paper chromatography was undertaken. The results indicated the presence of aloe-emodin and anthranol in the free state and in glycosidal combination in all five of the drugs investigated. In addition, the Curacao aloe contained chrysophanic acid and the cascara sagrada contained chrysophanic acid and emodin in their free state and also in glycosidal combination.

McCarthy, T. J. (1969, February). Distribution of glycosyl compounds in South African Aloe species. Planta Medica,17(1), 1-7.

Abstract: In the slightly more than one hundred Aloe species examined, it has been found that the C-glycosyl anthraquinones aloin and homonataloin appear in nearly half these species, and in roughly equal proportions. The C-glycosyl benzopyrone derivative, aloesin, appears in more than one quarter of the total species and almost exclusively in the species containing aloin or homonataloin. The O-glycosyl compounds of aloin (aloinosides) and of chrysophanol appear far less commonly.

McCarthy, T. J., & Mapp, R. K. (1970, January). A comparative investigation of methods used to estimate aloin and related compounds in Aloes. Planta Medica,18(1), 36-43.

Abstract: The assay of aloin in aloes are investigated using different methods, and these are discussed. Furthermore, the presence of homonataloin, aloinosides and similar compounds in aloes are investigated in relation to these assay methods. The effect of heating aloe juice in relation to aloin destruction is also discussed.

McDaniel, H. Reginald (MD), Carpenter, Robert H. (DVM), Kemp, Maurice C. (PhD), Kahlon, Jasbir (Dr., PH), & McAnalley, Bill H. (PhD). (1989). A favorable response of HIV-1-infected patients to oral acemannan and development of prognostic criteria for clinical responsiveness.

Abstract: Reports two studies. The objective of the first was to assess response of HIV-1 patients to acemannan therapy; the objective of the second was to determine if a response to acemannan treatment could be predicted based on certain pre-therapy laboratory values. Three patients predicted to improve in all three criteria failed to do so, although they did improve in two parameters. None predicted to respond favorably failed to show some improvement. Three patients predicted to show no improvement did improve in at least one category with two of the patients improving in all three.

McDaniel, H. Reginald (MD), McAnalley, B. H. (PhD), & Carpenter, R. H. (DVM). (N.D.). The basic science and principles for the use of acemannan in clinical medicine. Grand Prairie, TX: Fisher Institute for Medical Research at Dallas-Fort Worth Medical Center.

Abstract: Acemannan in clinical medicine.

McKeown, Edward C. (1983, June). Aloe vera: The quest for the “curative” missing link. Drug & Cosmetic Industry, 30ff.

Abstract: This article reviews what we currently know (or do not know) about the composition and analysis of aloe and examines the quest for the “curative” ingredient missing link.

Meadows, Tim P. (1980, November). Aloe as a humectant in new skin preparations. Cosmetics & Toiletries, 95, 51-56.

Abstract: Article presents a few of the types of products in which aloe gel may be used. Aloe gel may be used in any system in which moisturization or mildness is wanted. Alone or in conjunction with other materials for that purpose.

Mebe, Paul P. (1987). 2´-p-Methoxycoumaroylaloeresin, A c-glucoside from Aloe excelsa. Phytochemistry, 26(9), 2646-2647.

Abstract: I report here a chemical investigation of the dried leaf surfaces of Aloe excelsa which resulted in the isolation of a new natural compound, p-methoxycoumaroylaloeresin (2) and known compounds, aloesin (1) [5], homonataloin [6], aloin [4] and 1,5 dihydroxy-e-hydroxymehtylanthraquinone [7] from the acetone extract.

Miller, Alan L. (2003, November 1). Nutritional support for wound healing. Alternative Medicine Review.

Abstract: Discusses wound healing with nutritionals including Aloe vera. Includes a large list of references.

Monroe, Adria (BS), Schwartz, Harold (PhD), & Dorman, Nathan (MD). (1981, December 9). Clinical safety evaluation of sample: AVA Aloe vera gel. East Orange, NJ: A. FORL Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc.

Abstract: The purpose of the test was to determine the irritation and/or sensitization potential of the test product after repeated application under occlusion to the skin of human subjects.

Moore, Timothy E. (DDS/MS, PC). Aloe vera: Its potential use in wound healing and disease control in oral conditions.

Abstract: Highlights eight ways Aloe vera is being used in dentistry. [LINK TO IASC]

Moroni, Pollye (1982, September). Aloe in cosmetic formulations. Cosmetic Technology.

Abstract: Discusses the uses of Aloe vera gel in various cosmetics including shampoo, hair rinses, and suntan preparations. The five major properties of the gel are anti-inflammatory, healing, moisturizing, substantivity to hair and skin, increasing skin respiration. Antibacterial properties of aloe gel were claimed in studies. Aloe also used in peptic ulcer therapy.

Morrow, David M. (MD), Rapaport, Marvin J. (MD), & Strick, Richard A. (MD). (1980, September). Hypersensitivity to Aloe. Archives of Dermatology, 116, 1064-1065.

Abstract: In this study we see a case where Aloe was not an exception to food allergic reaction.

Morsy, Esam M. (MS). (N.D.). Study of the healing qualities of the Aloe vera plant. Phoenix, AZ: United Aloe Technologists Association.

Abstract: Study of the healing qualities of the Aloe vera plant.

Mortensson, Charlotte, & Hall, Allan. (2002, February 6). Twin treats: Natural healing powers of Aloe vera make it a super plant if you want to feel fine. Daily Record. Glasgow, Scotland.

Abstract: Discusses uses of both Aloe vera.

Morthway, R. B. (DVM). (1975, January). Experimental use of Aloe vera extract in clinical practice. Veterinary Medicine/Small Animal Clinician,70, 89.

Abstract: Animal medication: ringworm, allergy, abscess, otitis externa, hot spots, fungal infections, lacerations, lip fold dermatitis, inflamed cyst and stphyloma treated by Aloe vera.

Morton, J. F. (1961). Folk uses and commercial exploitation of Aloe leaf pulp. Economic Botany,15(4), 311-319.

Abstract: Provides both an appreciation of the medicinal uses of a number of different species of Aloe and the growth of the first Aloe industry in the U.S.

Murray, Frank. (1994, December). Aloe vera: Internal and external first aid. Better Nutrition for Today’s Living, 50-51.

Abstract: Reports on several studies on the use of Aloe vera to reduce various symptoms.

Murray, Frank. (1994, March). Therapy and treatment with Aloe vera. Better Nutrition, 52-55.

Abstract: Interesting uses and ways of use for aloe vera.

Natural Products Insider. (N.D.). Aloe vera increases absorption of vitamins E, C. Online.

Abstract: Aloe vera appears to increase absorption of vitamins E and C by slowing the nutrients’ assimilation and prolonging concentrations in blood plasma, according to a study published in Phytomedicine (12, 10:760-5, 2005).

Ni, Y., & Tizard, I. (1996). Lectin-carbohydrate interaction in the immune system. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 55, 205-223.

Abstract: The immune system consists of various types of cells and molecules that specifically interact with each other to initiate the host defense mechanism. Recent studies have shown that carbohydrates and lectins (carbohydrate-binding proteins) play an essential role in mediating such interactions. The development in this area has opened a new aspect in studying the immune system, and at the same time, provided new therapeutic routes for the treatment and prevention of disease.

Nicolaev, A. B. (1966). Aloe: Valuable medicinal plant. All Union Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 31(4), 51-53.

Abstract: Translation of a Russian article discussing indications and contra-indications of the use of sabur and aborescent Aloe.

Noskov, A. D. (1966). The treatment of periodontosis with injections of Aloe extract and their influence on the phosphorus-calcium metabolism. Stomatologiya, (4), 13-l 5.

Abstract: Aloe therapy in complex treatment of periodontosis proves to be efficacious in the stage I and II of the disease. The blood serum calcium content in periodontosis is abnormally high, being 11.79 mg % on the average. Aloe extract injections in Periodontosis normalize disturbed calcium metabolism.

Nudolskaya, O. E. (Dr.). (1960). Aloe treatment of onchocerclasis (craw-craw) of the vulva. Sovetskaia Meditsina, 24(2).

Abstract: Complex therapy with Aloe preparations proved to be very effective; it is recommend to gynecologists for wide use in the treatment of patients suffering from onchocerclasis of the vulva.

Obata, Masafumi, Ito, Shosuke, Beppu, Hidehiko, Fujita, Keisuka, & Nagatsu, Toshiharu. (N.D.). Mechanism of anti-inflammatory and anti-thermal burn action of Aloe arborescens Mill. var. natalensis Berger. Fujita Health University, Japan, 19-28.

Abstract: Carboxypeptidase (Cpase) was partially purified from Kidachi aloe (Aloe Arborescens Mill. var natalensis Berger) by FPLC system, and was administered intravenously to female ICR mice with inflammation. The enzyme preparation revealed significant effects on alleviation of pain and inhibition of vascular permeability in abdominal region. It also revealed an anti-thermal burn action on rat’s hind paws, when it was administered to female Wister rat intravenously.

Orndorff, Steve (PhD). Polymerase chain reaction: A new method for the identification of Aloe. Univera Phytoceuticals, Inc.

Abstract: Dr. Orndorff is using DNA as a way of identifying Aloe vera. [LINK TO IASC]

Payne, Jonathan Mack, III. (1970, May). Tissue response to Aloe vera gel following periodontal surgery. Thesis submitted to Faculty of Baylor University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science.

Abstract: Aloe vera was used as a mouthwash in two cases in order to give some indication of the use of greater quantities of the gel.

Pelley, Ronald P. (PhD, MD). (N.D.) Aloe polysaccharides and their measurement. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology at the University of Texas Medical Branch.

Abstract: Dr. Pelley has done extensive research on the beneficial elements of Aloe vera. [LINK TO IASC]

Pelley, Ronald P., Wang, Y. T., Waller, T. A. (1993, May). Current status of quality control of Aloe barbadensis extracts. SÖFW-Journal, Jahrgang (year’s issue), 119, 255-268.

Abstract: In this article, we will examine the developments in analytical chemistry that are bringing us closer to the goal of benchmark tests for Aloe gel identity and quality: measurement of ions, high pressure liquid chromatography of PLC, and measurement of total polysaccharides.

Phatak, Sagar, & Foster, Harris E., Jr. (2006, January). The management of interstitial cystitis: An update. Nature Clinical Practice: Urology, 3(1), 45-53.

Abstract: Literature review on pain management for interstitial cystitis, including chronic pelvic pain, clinical trials, neuropathic pain, and bladder physiology.

Pittman, J. C. (1992). Immune enhancing effects of Aloe. Health Conscious,13(1), 2830.

Abstract: Galactomannans are a class of long-chain sugars derived from plants, which have been shown in laboratory and clinical studies to have a wide variety of immune stimulating and protective effects within the body. In studying the different sources of this polymer, it has been discovered that the Aloe barbadensis plant contains the greatest concentration of acetylated mannan which is also the most active form of mannans. This “acemannan” has been shown to have many effects in the body, mostly impacting on the gastrointestinal and immune systems, which are intricately related. Whole-leaf aloe vera is strongly recommended in the treatment of immune deficiency disorders. It plays a prominent role in the treatment of these illnesses.

Plaskett, Lawrance G. (PhD, FRSC). (1998, January). The Health and Medical Use of Aloe Vera. Tacoma, Washington: Life Sciences Press.

Abstract: Dr. Plaskett found that hundreds of scientific papers had been published over the years by researchers all around the world: almost the whole of this large body of work contained only positive reports on the effectiveness of Aloe.

Plaskett, Lawrance G. (BA, PhD, CChem, FRIC). (1996, April). Aloe vera and the human immune system. Aloe Vera Information Services (newsletter). Camelford, Cornwall, UK: Biomedical Information Services Ltd.

Abstract: Specialized molecules in Aloe vera whole leaf extract interact with some special "receptor" substances that are embedded into the outer membrane of our immune system cells. The result is that the immune system cells are galvanized into action. In particular, the class of cells known as "phagocytes" increase the activities by which they attack and then engulf bacteria, waste products and debris. This increase in scavenging activities cleanses and protects the body, with knock-on benefits for a whole cascade of different medical conditions. The literature indicates that a common mechanism in this respect probably exists in both humans and animals and that both can benefit enormously from the use of Aloe vera.

Plaskett, Lawrance G. (BA, PhD, CChem, FRIC). (1996, September). Aloe vera and cancer. Aloe Vera Information Services (newsletter). Camelford, Cornwall, UK: Biomedical Information Services Ltd.

Abstract: An account of the laboratory information that shows that Aloe vera acts upon tumor cells and upon tumors.

Plaskett, Lawrence G. (Dr). (N.D.). Aloe and its quality control: Checking upon the genuineness of products. Positive Health.

Abstract: The consumer can come to realise that some preservatives are needed, otherwise the liquid Aloe vera extract cannot possibly be stabilised for distribution and marketing. This does not apply to freeze-dried aloe vera powder, like that found in Desert Harvest products.

Pokrovskaya, E. A. (Dr.). (1959). Aloe extract for treatment of acute rhinitis (nose congestion). Isbrannye voprosky klinicheskoi otorinolaringologii (Moskva), 84-87.

Abstract: Treatment of acute rhinitis with aloe extracted by squeezing aloe leaf.

PR Newswire Association, Inc. (2002, January 2). Sales increase for Aloetouch exam gloves with onset of winter and dry season: Lined with Aloe vera, Aloetouch penetrates and helps moisturize dry skin. PR Newswire.

Abstract: Discusses how the use of medical exam gloves lined with Aloe vera gel helps improve the condition of the skin, rather than dry and irritate the skin, upon frequent hand washing and glove changing by medical professionals.

ProQuest Information and Learning Company. (2004, July 27). Aloe fluid aids survival from blood loss. United Press International.

Abstract: A resuscitation fluid from Aloe vera might save the lives of patients suffering massive blood loss caused by trauma.

Pukha, M. V. (N.D.). Aloe extract electrophoresis in hemorrhages into vitreous body of traumatic etiology. In Aloe Vera: New Scientific Discoveries by Max Skousen, 106-111.

Abstract: Electrophoresis of the aloe extract produced positive effect in hemorrhages into the vitreous body of traumatic etiology. The positive action of aloe extract electrophoresis manifested in resolution of hemorrhage in the vitreous body, reduction of inflammation process and improvement of vision acuity. Aloe extract electrophoresis may be recommended as part of complex therapy in hemorrhages of the vitreous body and in hemophthalmia of traumatic etiology.

Pulse, T. L. (MD), & Uhlig, Elizabeth (RRA). (1990, Winter). A significant improvement in a clinical pilot study utilizing nutritional supplements, essential fatty acids and stabilized Aloe vera juice in 29 HIV seropositive, ARC and AIDS patients. Journal of Advancement in Medicine, 3(4).

Abstract: This study was concluded in November, 1989. As of June 1, 1990, all study patients from this research project who continue to be maintained on this treatment regimen have no adverse effects and only one death from K.S. Patient was non-compliant.

Raine, Talmage J. (MD), London, Michael D. (BA), Goluch, Linda (MD), Heggers, John P. (PhD), & Robson, Martin C. (MD, FACS). (1980). Anti-prostaglandins and anti-thromboxanes for treatment of frostbite. American College of Surgeons 1980 Surgical Forum,XXXI, 557-559.

Abstract: A vital but unique study of frostbite testing on rabbit ears. Aloe vera and three other standard treatments for frostbite were used, and Aloe vera either matched or beat the others in every respect.

Rateaver, Bargyla (PhD). (1978, July). The healing power of the Aloe vera. The Body Forum Magazine, 1(6).

Abstract: The list of experiences with healing by application of Aloe juice, gel or its preparations is very long. They are summarized and condensed.

Rauwald, Hans W. (1990). Naturally occurring quinones and their related reduction forms: Analysis and analytical methods. Pharm. Ztg. Wiss., 5, 169-181.

Abstract: Recent advances in analysis and analytical methods for naturally occurring quinones and their related reduction forms are briefly reviewed with respect to the isolation techniques, the qualitative and quantitative analysis, including pharmacopoeial analytics, and the structure determination. The main thrust is the analytical application to the acetate-derived class of anthranoids, particularly the group of diastereomeric 10-C-glucosylated anthrone and oxanthrone derivatives, the absolute configurations of which are reported here for the first time. The chapter covers literature data from 1982-89 in particular.

Republic Hospital, Baturni, Russia. (1960). Preserved Aloe juice as hemostatic agent following tonsillectomy. Vestn. Oto-tino-laring,3, 99.

Abstract: A good hemostatic effect is noted, followed by fairly rapid healing of the tonsillary niches.

Reynolds, Gilbert Westacott (Dsc, ELS). (1966, September). The Aloes of Tropical Africa and Madagascar. Mbabane, Swaziland: The Aloes Book Fund.

Abstract: Book describes, illustrates, and discusses the different species of Aloe in Tropical Africa and Madagascar as well as their uses. For instance, Aloe aborescens works as well as Aloe barbadensis on x-ray burns.

Ritchey, Charles Robert. (1955). Natural products from Aloe. Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science, July, 1972.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to isolate and to identify a compound or compounds that occur in Aloe barbadensis. Qualitative analyses were performed using a combination of thin-layer chromatography, gas - liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry.

Robson, Martin C. (MD), Jellema, Aileen (RN), Heggers, John P. (PhD), & Hagstrom, William J. (MD). (1980, March 27-29). Care of the healed wound: A prospective randomized study. Twelfth Annual Meeting Report, American Burn Association, San Antonio, Texas, 94-95.

Abstract: Clinical study of Aloe being used on humans, but only after the burn’s wounds had completed the first stages of healing and then Aloe was tested in the prevention of infection in the treatment of new scars. In this case, Aloe was as good as penicillin, thus also enhancing healing and reducing complications. This is a very favorable comparison, especially when the negative side effects penicillin sometimes produces are taken into consideration.

Robson, Martin C., Heggers, John P., & Pineless, G. R. (1979). Myth, magic, witchcraft, or fact? Aloe vera revisited. American Burn Association Abstracts,31, 65-66.

Abstract: These experimental data clearly show that the effects elicited by the Aloe vera extract are truly beneficial in a burn wound.

Rovatti, B., & Brennan, R. J. (1959). Experimental thermal burns. Industrial Medicine and Surgery,28, 364-368.

Abstract: A comparative study of the immediate and delayed histopathological changes of the skin in untreated and treated thermal burns.

Rowe, Tom D. (1940). Effect of fresh Aloe vera gel in the treatment of third-degree roentgen reactions on white rats. Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association,29, 348-350.

Abstract: From the results obtained, fresh Aloe vera jell shows some promise of being of value in the treatment of X-ray reactions.

Rowe, Tom D., Lovell, B. K., & Parks, Lloyd M. (1941). Further observations on the use of Aloe vera leaf in the treatment of third-degree X-ray reactions. Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association,30, 266-269.

Abstract: This present report deals with further observations on the use of the fresh jell, or pulp, of the leaf, as well as other portions of the leaf, in the treatment of experimentally produced third degree X-ray reactions on the skin of white rats.

Rowe, Tom D., & Parks, Lloyd M. (1941). A phytochemical study of Aloe vera leaf. Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association,30, 262-266.

Abstract: The study reported in this paper was undertaken in connection with an attempt to isolate and characterize the principle contained in Aloe vera leaf that is responsible for its activity in promoting the healing of third degree x-ray reactions on white rats.

Rubel, Barry Lee. (1983, June). Possible mechanisms of the healing actions of Aloe gel. Cosmetics & Toiletries,98, 109-114.

Abstract: In this paper, some of the actives will be named, and known or theoretical mechanisms of action will be discussed.

Rudavsky, Shari. (2002, February 6). Aloe vera treats symptoms, but it’s not a cure-all. The Miami Herald (via Knight-Ridder/Tribune News Service).

Abstract: General discussion of uses of Aloe vera as it treats symptoms of different types of disease.

Russiyan, M., & Khlopushina, A. (N.D.) On the biogenic stimulators of Aloe arborescens. Extract of Aloe, Supplement to Clinical Data, Medexport, USSR, Moscow, Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute, Russia.

Abstract: Test was conducted to study the effect of cinnamic and salicylic acids in combination with extracts from fresh and preserved Aloe arborescens leaves.

Sarkar, D., Dutta, A., Das, M., Sarkar K., Mandal, C., Chatterjee, M. (2005, November 1). Effect of Aloe vera on nitric oxide production by macrophages during inflammation. Indian Journal of Pharmacology.

Abstract: AVL possesses acute and chronic anti-inflammatory activity, which is partly mediated by reduced production of NO, which in turn prevents the release of inflammatory mediators.

Schauss, Alexander G. (1990). Aloe vera. Tacoma, WA: American Institute for Biosocial Research.

Abstract: An overview of aloe vera.

Schechter, Steven R. (ND). (1994, February). Aloe vera: The healing plant. Health Foods Business, 23-24.

Abstract: General information about the benefits of Aloe vera.

Syed, Tanweer A., Ahmad, S. Ashfaq, Hold, Albert H., Ahmad, Seyed Ali, Ahmad, Seyed Hamzah, & Afzal, Mohammad. (1996, August). Management of psoriasis with Aloe vera extract in a hydrophilic cream: A placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 1(4), 505-509.

Abstract: The purpose of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and tolerability of topical Aloe vera extract 0.5% in a hydrophilic cream to cure patients with psoriasis vulgaria. The findings of this study suggest that topically applied Aloe vera extract 0.5% in a hydrophilic cream is more effective than placebo, and has not shown toxic or any other objective side-effects. Therefore, the regimen can be considered a safe and alternative treatment to cure patients suffering from psoriasis.

Sheets, Mark A.(DVM), Unger, Beverly A. (DVM), Giggleman, Gene F. Jr. (DVM), & Tizzard, Ian R. (BVMS, PhD). (1991, March). Studies on the effect of acemannan on retrovirus infections: Clinical stabilization of feline leukemia virus-infected cats. Molecular Biotherapy, 3, 41-45.

Abstract: Feline leukemia is a disease induced by an oncornavirus infection that inevitably causes clinically affected cats to die. It has been estimated that 40% of cats are dead within 4 weeks and 70% within 8 weeks of the onset of clinical symptoms. Acemannan is a complex carbohydrate with both immuno-stimulatory and direct antiviral properties. Administration of acemannan for 6 weeks intraperitoneally to clinically symptomatic cats significantly improved both the quality of life and the survival rate. Twelve weeks after initiation of treatment, 71% of treated cats were alive and in good health.

Shelton, Ronald M. (MAJ, USAF, MC). (1991, October). Aloe vera: Its chemical and therapeutic properties. International Journal of Dermatology, 30(10), 679-683.

Abstract: In this review, the historical uses of Aloe will be highlighted and its chemical composition and biologic effects will be described.

Shermetov, S. G., & Usikov, V. N. (N.D.). Influence of subcutaneous injections of Aloe extract upon the healing of bone fractures. In Aloe Vera: New Scientific Discoveries by Max B. Skousen, 112-113.

Abstract: Biostimulants, especially aloe extract, that are liable to potentiate the physiological functions of the organism, contribute to mobilization of calcium and inorganic phosphorus from the mineral depot into the blood and to the fractured bone. Aloe extract is found to have reduced the consolidation terms of fractures by 20-25 days.

Ship, Arthur George (MD), & Einstein, Albert. (1977, October 17). Is topical Aloe vera plant mucus helpful in burn treatment? Journal of the American Medical Association,238(16), 1770.

Abstract: This article is not a clinical study. It acknowledges that application of Aloe vera to a burn provides immediate pain relief and speeds the healing process, with no infection or systemic symptoms resulting, and answers what the ingredients of this plant are that give these results.

Skousen, Max B. (1982). The Ancient Egyptian Medicine Plant, Aloe Vera Hand Book. West Valley City, UT: Aloe Vera Research Institute.

Abstract: Very helpful handbook on using Aloe vera for burns, sunburn, cuts and wounds, digestive problems, hair and scalp care, hemorrhoids and bleeding piles, infections, poison ivy, poison oak, allergies, psoriasis and eczematous rashes, scar removal, stretch marks from pregnancy, varicose veins, skin cancer, scrapes and abrasions, stings by insects, jellyfish, stinging nettle, etc., ulcers, arthritis, brown skin spots, acne, animal first-aid, sinus, general health maintenance, asthma, sore throat, eye and ear drops. It also gives information on caring for an aloe vera plant.

Skousen, Max B. (1976). Russian Research Reports. Cypress, CA: Aloe Vera Research Institute.

Abstract: No other nation in the world has accomplished the intensive research on Aloe as has the USSR.

Skripkin, U. K., & Sharapova, G. Ya. (1963). An experiment of cream application with biostimulator juice of Aloe. Sources: Chair of Skin and Venereal Diseases (Professor M.M. Zheltakiv) of the II Moscow Medical Institute (N. I. Pirogova), 15/VI.

Abstract: In local application of biostimulating juice of aloe in cream form, favorable activity was noted particularly in people with moderately dry skin; along with improvement in dryness of the skin went the smoothing way of wrinkles, improved skin vitality and elasticity.

Smith, Sheri (Dr.). Hydrogel dressings offer advancements in wound healing. Irving, TX: Carrington Laboratories.

Abstract: This abstract from Dr. Sheri Smith of Carrington Laboratories discusses the use of hydrogel dressings in wound care. [LINK TO IASC]

Smoot, E. Clyde (MD). (1981, March 14-17). The effects of anti-inflammatory agents on acute and late radiation skin changes in the rat. 27 th Annual Meeting Report, Plastic Surgery Research Council, San Diego, California.

Abstract: This article by the University of Chicago Burn Center deals with one of the earliest recognized benefits of Aloe vera. Back in the thirties, when x-Ray treatments were first being used, medical reports showed that Aloe vera was the only thing that would heal many of the radiation induced lesions of the skin. Now, with this testing on rats, the data is established in true, scientific testing.

Soeda, Momoe, Fujiwara, Mieko, Otomo, Michiko. (1964, December). Studies on the effect of Cape Aloe for irradiation leucopenia. Nippon Acta Radiologica.249, 1109-1112.

Abstract: One of the many studies made by the Japanese and Koreans. It is a positive report of another type of Aloe plant, known as Cape Aloe, which shows that it, too, has very fine medicinal qualities.

Soeda, Momoe, Otomo, Michiko, Ome, Micko, & Kawashima, Karuko. (1966). Studies on anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity of Cape Aloe. Nippon Saikingaku Zasshi,21(10) , 609-614.

Abstract: Very short article on anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity of Cape Aloe.

Speranza, Giovanna, Gramatica, Paola, Dada, Giuseppe, & Manitto, Paolo. (1985). Aloeresin C, a bitter C,O-diglucoside from Cape Aloe. Phytochemistry, 24(7), 1571-1753.

Abstract: A new bitter C,O-diglucoside, aloeresin C, was isolated from commercial Cape aloe. Its structure was established by spectral and chemical methods.

Spoerke, David G. ( RPh, MS), & Ekins, Brent R (PharmD). (1980, December). Aloe vera - Fact or quackery. Veterinary and Human Toxicology,22(6), 418-422.

Abstract: Overview and report on the popularity of Aloe vera.

Srinivas, C.R. (2003, May 1). Aggravation of preexisting dermatosis with Aloe vera. (Letter to Editor). Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology.

Abstract: This report highlights the fact that even commonly used relatively safe medications can occasionally cause sensitivity.

Steinberg, David C. (1982, February). Mucopolysaccharides for cosmetics. Cosmetic Technology, 41-44.

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to review the structure, formation, and role of mucopolysaccharides as well as the benefits of applying hydrolyzed mucopolysaccharides to the skin.

Strickland, Faith M., Pelley, Ronald P., & Kripke, Margaret L. (1994, February). Prevention of ultraviolet radiation-induced suppression of contact and delayed hypersensitivity by Aloe barbadensis gel extract. The Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 102(2), 197-204.

Abstract: These studies demonstrate that topical application of Aloe barbadensis gel extract to the skin of UV-irradiated mice ameliorates UV-induced immune suppression by a mechanism that does not involve DNA damage or repair.

Sudworth, Richard. (N.D.). The Use of Aloe vera in dentistry. Positive Health.

Abstract: The uses of Aloe vera in dentistry are multiple. It is extremely helpful in the treatment of gun disease; it reduces the bleeding of the gums; it is powerfully antiseptic in gum pockets and its antifungal properties help greatly in the problem of denture stomatitis. It protects and promotes healing.

Suga, Takayuki, & Hirata, Toshifumi. (1983, June). The efficacy of the Aloe plants chemical constituents and biological activities. Cosmetics and Toiletries,98, 105-108.

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to review the usefulness of the aloe plants for use in dermatological preparations or for treatment of internal disorders.

Suga, Takayuki, & Hirata, Toshifumi. (1978). Biosynthesis of Aloenin in Aloe arborescens var. natalensis. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 51(3), 872-877.

Abstract: A new bitter glucoside, named aloenin, with an inhibitory activity for the gastric juice secretion of rats, was isolated from the plant. We also examined other bioactive components and chemical constituents of the plant.

Suga, Takayuki, Hirata, Toshifumi, & Odan, Michiyo. (1972). Aloenin, a new bitter glucoside from Aloe species. Chemistry Letters, 547-550.

Abstract: In connection with biochemical examinations of the plant, we isolated a new bitter glucoside, named aloenin, to elucidate its structure. We now wish to describe evidences leading to structure 1 for aloenin.

Suga, Takayuki, Hirata, Toshifumi, & Tori, Kazuo. (1974). Structure of aloenin, a bitter glucoside from Aloe species. Chemistry Letters, 715-718.

Abstract: The structure of aloenin, a bitter glucoside from Aloe species, has been reinvestigated and elucidated to be 6-(2'-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4'-hydroxy-6'-methyl)phenyl-4-methoxy-2-pyrone (2) by a combination of the chemical and spectroscopic methods.

Suzuki, Ikuo, Saito, Hiroko, Inoue, Shigeki, Migita, Shunsuke, & Takahashi, Taijo. (1979). Purification and characterization of two lectins from Aloe arborescens Mill. Journal of Biochemistry, 85, 163-171.

Abstract: S-1 has a strong hemaglutinating activity. On the other hand, P-2 has not only hemaglutinating activity but also mitogenic activity on lymphocytes, precipitate-forming reactivity with serum proteins, one of which is a 2-macroglobulin, and complement C3 activating activity via the alternate pathway.

Syed, Tanweer A., Ahmad, S. Ashfaq, Holt, Albert H., Ahmad, Seyed Ali, Ahmad, Seyed Hamzeh, & Afzal, Mohammad. (1996, August). Management of psoriasis with Aloe vera extract in a hydrophilic cream: A placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 1(4), 505-509.

Abstract: The purpose of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and tolerability of topical Aloe vera extract 0.5% in a hydrophilic cream to cure patients with psoriasis vulgaris.

Taylor, Eileen. (2001, October 9). The prickly guardian of good health; Inside out. (Features). Daily Post Liverpool, England.

Abstract: General health benefits of Aloe vera use.

Tchou, M. Thomas (Colonel). (1943). Aloe vera (jelly leeks). Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology, 47, 249.

Abstract: Positive personal experience with Aloe in China and then again in the U.S. By combining discoveries and experiences, human life may yet be made better and happier.

The Aloe Vera Information Centre. (N.D.). Aloe vera and digestion, irritable bowel and arthritis. Positive Health.

Abstract: Aloe is now widely used to help a variety of conditions of the digestive tract. Aloe vera may be taken both internally as a juice or as a gel applied to the painful joint.

Tizard, Ian (Dr.). (N.D.). Aloe-derived carbohydrates reduce inflammation by blocking neutrophil emigration mediated by certain beta integrins. Texas A&M University, Consultant for Carrington Laboratories.

Abstract: This abstract presented by Dr. Ian Tizard of Texas A&M University reveals the effects Aloe has on inflammation. [LINK TO IASC]

Tizard, Ian (Dr.). (2002, June 28). Examining the healing mystery of Aloe. Texas A&M University.

Abstract: General discussion of Aloe and possible reasons for its ability to help health.

Tri-K Industries, Inc. (N.D.) Aloe vera gel: Efficacy documentation via cell proliferation rate studies. Emerson, NJ: author.

Abstract: Article documents the wound and burn healing efficiency of Aloe vera. All the work is positive. . . . Aloe vera has been shown to be an effective agent.

University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. (2004, July 27). Fluid derived from Aloe plant prolongs life after hemorrhagic shock in animal study. Science Daily.

Abstract: A novel resuscitation fluid derived from Aloe vera that was developed by researchers at the University of Pittsburgh’s McGowan Institute for Generative Medicine has the potential to save the lives of patients with massive blood loss, according to results of an animal study published in the August edition of the medical journal Schock. The findings could have a significant impact on the treatment of hemorrhagic shock caused by both civilian and military trauma.

Unknown. (1951). Aloe vera in the Philippines. Medicinal Plants of the Philippines, Bureau of Printing, Manila.

Abstract: This brief section in the official book on plants in the Philippines gives a great many interesting bits of information about Aloe vera.

Unknown. (1998, July). How Aloe heals. Nutrition Science News.

Abstract: The authors speculate that aloe gel might accelerate wound healing by lowering blood glucose levels (shown to improve wound healing in diabetics) or by stimulating the function of fibroblasts, the cells that make collagen.

Unknown. (2002, March 21). Aloe vera cuts ulcer risk. BBC News Online: Health.

Abstract: A gel made from the herb aloe vera may help to treat and prevent stomach and intestinal ulcers. Article also discusses Aloe vera trials in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.

Unknown. (2002, March 22). Aloe vera gel could combat ulcers. Nutra Ingredients. Europe.

Abstract: Aloe vera in the treatment of ulcers and IBS.

Unknown. (2004, September 13). Anatomy of an ingredient: Aloe vera. (Features). The Independent. London, England.

Abstract: Lists nutrients and substances of Aloe, its properties, and ways in which it can be used.

Unknown. (N.D.). Analytical and reporting procedures.

Abstract: Four points of reference as reliable indicators in defining Aloe vera. Formula as a method for defining 100% aloe vera.

Unknown. (N.D.). Comprehensive List of Ingredients for Aloe vera gel.

Abstract: Comprehensively lists the ingredients of Aloe vera gel.

Valverde, Juan Miguel, Valero, Daniel, Martínez-Romero, Domingo, Guillén, Fabián, Castillo, Salvador, & Serrano, María. (2005). Novel edible coating based on Aloe vera gel to maintain table grape quality and safety. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(20), 7807-7813.

Abstract: Scientists found a novel edible coating based on Aloe vera gel provided a good means of preserving the quality and safety of table grapes during cold storage and subsequent shelf life, and noted the edible coating would be an “innovative and interesting” alternative to the use of post-harvest chemical treatments.

Van de Merwe, Joop, & Nordling, Jorgen. (2006, February 28). Interstitial cystitis: Definitions and confusable diseases. Proceedings of ESSIC Meeting 2005 Baden, 1-13.

Abstract: This report is the summary of the consensus obtained on definitions and confusable diseases for painful bladder syndrome / interstitial cystitis during the ESSIC meeting in Baden, 16-18 June 2005.

Vinson, J., Kharrat, Al, & Andreoli, L. (N.D.). Effect of Aloe vera preparations on the human bioavailability of vitamins C and E. Scranton , PA: Department of Chemistry, University of Scranton.

Abstract: Our research group took up the challenge to test the combination of Aloe and vitamins.

W.R. Sage, Inc. (1977, October). Aloe vera report.

Abstract: Addresses history, medicinal properties, toxicology, effects of Aloe vera powder on microorganisms, evaluation of Aloe vera, effects of Aloe vera liquid on microorganisms, effects of Aloe vera liquid on mycotic organisms, and what Aloe vera can do for you.

Waller, G. R., Mangiafico, S., & Ritchey, C. R. (1978). A chemical investigation of Aloe barbadensis Miller. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science,58, 69-76.

Abstract: Free amino acids, free monosaccharides and total saccharides released upon hydrolysis, sterols, and triterpenoids of the leaves of Aloe barbadensis Miller leaves were determined. Some seventeen amino acids, D-glucose, and D-mannose were present in the water-soluble fraction. Cholesterol, campesterol, β-sirosterol, and lupcol were found in substantial amounts in the lipid fraction. An unknown(s) alkaloid was detected using Dragendorff’s reagent.

Walter, Patrick. (2005, October 17). Aloe vera extract may preserve food for longer. Chemistry and Industry.

Abstract: An edible coating of Aloe vera extract that could preserve fruit and vegetables for up to five times longer may be on the market within a year. Researchers say the spray could reduce the use of synthetic preservatives.

Wang, Yin-Tung (Associate Professor of Floriculture), & Strong, Kimberly J. (Technician I). (N.D.). Two-year study monitoring several physical and chemical properties of field-grown Aloe barbadensis Miller leaves. Texas A&M University.

Abstract: A two-year study on the properties of Aloe vera. The results of this study are being used by The International Aloe Science Council as the standard for what levels of various elements should be in Aloe vera for its certification program. [LINK TO IASC]

Ward, Madalyn. (2001, September 1). The role of nutritional therapy in the treatment of Equine Cushing’s syndrome and laminitis. Alternative Medicine Review.

Abstract: Discusses the use of nutrition and supplementation in the treatment of Cushing’s syndrome in horses.

Waters, Felicity. (2001, December 22). Doctors put Aloe vera to the medicine test. Health: Natural remedy studied. (News). Western Mail. Cardiff, Wales.

Abstract: The natural remedy Aloe vera could soon be prescribed by general practitioners for irritable bowel syndrome.

Winters, Wendell D. (1993). Immunoreactive lectins in leaf gel from Aloe barbadensis Miller. Phytotherapy Research, 7, S23-S25.

Abstract: Lectins isolated from the gel portion of leaves of Aloe barbadensis Miller by differential centrifugations and gel filtration were found to have strong hemaglutination and mitogenic activities. hemaglutination titres induced by these lectins were markedly higher than those induced by lectins isolated similarly from Aloe saponaria Haw and Aloe chinensis. The levels of lymphocyte blastogenesis using the Aloe barbadensis Miller lectins were high, but markedly less than those detected using positive control lectins concanavalin A and phytohemoglutinin. Results of Western blot transfers followed by immunoblots using specific receptor antisera suggested that the Aloe barbadensis Miller lectins were active at alpha D-glucose and mannose sites and not at n-acetyl glucosamine sites. The hemaglutination activities of these Aloe substances were also observed to decrease as a function of time frozen at liquid nitrogen temperatures for up to 9 years.

Winters, W. D., Benavides, R., & Clouse, W. J. (1981). Effects of Aloe extracts on human normal and tumor cells in vitro. Economic Botany, 35(1), 89-95.

Abstract: Fractions of leaf extracts from two local types, labeled Aloe vera (subsequently identified as Aloe Barbadensis Mill. And A. Saponaria Haw., were prepared by differential centrifugation and tested by in vitro assays for the presence of lectin-like activities and for effects on the attachment and growth of human normal and tumor cells. Results from cell assays suggested that the observed growth promotion and wound healing effects of aloe substances in vitro may be analogous to what has been observed in vivo during healing of wounds and burns.

Womble, Debra, & Helderman, J. Harold. (1988, March 25). Enhancement of allo-responsiveness of human lymphocytes by Acemannan (Carrisyn). Journal of Immunopharmacology,10(8), 967-974.

Abstract: Since acemannan appears to enhance monocyte function in other experiments, these studies were designed to test the capacity of acemannan to enhance immune response to alloantigen and to test whether the potential enhancement is a monocyte driven phenomenon.

World Health Organization. (1999). WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants, Volume 1. Geneva, Switzerland.

Abstract: Monographs on selected medicinal plants, including Aloe vera.

Wright, Carroll S. (MD). (1936). Aloe vera in the treatment of Roentgen ulcers and telangiectasis. Journal of the American Medical Association,106(16), 1363-1364.

Abstract: From the case reported, it would seem that x-ray ulceration, even of several years’ duration, will respond to the use of aloe vera. The permanence of results can be determined only by watching cases thus treated over a period of time. Little can be expected in the treatment of telangiectasis as a result of irradiation beyond a smoothing and softening of the affected skin.

Wright, Rebecca. (2005, May 1). Inside Aloe: Using Aloe in nutraceutical applications seems like a natural progression for the ingredient, but Aloe makers must resolve some challenges before fully developing this market. Nutraceuticals World.

Abstract: Predicts more internal use of Aloe vera in the future and also calls for more research, education and standardization.

Yagi, Akira (Dr.). (N.D.). The chemistry of low-molecular weight chromones and glycoproteins from Aloe vera. School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Japan.

Abstract: Dr. Yagi examines the chemistry of low molecular weight phenolic and chromone components of the latex exudate and glycoproteins from the gel of Aloe vera. [LINK TO IASC]

Yagi, Akira, Hamada, Kozo, Mihashi, Kunihide, Harada Nobuo, & Nishioka, Itsuo. (1984). Structure determination of polysaccharides in Aloe saponaria (Hill.) Haw. (Liliaceae). Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,73(1), 62-65.

Abstract: A crude preparation of both As mannan 1 and As mannan 2 was effective in reducing edema in rats when given intraperitoneally, but was ineffective when given orally.

Yagi, Akira, Harada, N., Yamada, H., Iwadare, S., & Nishioka, I. (1982b). Antibradykinin active material in Aloe saponaria. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,71, 1172-1174.

Abstract: In this report, the results of partial purification of material having antibradykinin activity from A. saponaria on isolated guinea pig ileum and its proteolytic property against bradykinin are presented.

Yagi, Akira, Harada, Nobuo, Shimomura, Koichiro, & Nishioka, Itsuo. (1986, March 18). Bradykinin-degrading glycoprotein in Aloe arborescens var. natalensis., 19-21.

Abstract: In this report, data on the isolation of a glycoprotein (aloe glycoprotein) with bradykinin-degrading activity on an isolated guinea pig ileum in vitro and a proteolytic activity against bradykinin are presented.

Yagi, Akira, Kanbara, Toshimitsu, & Morinobu, Naoko. (1987). Inhibition of mushroom-tyrosinase by Aloe extract. Planta Medica, 515-517.

Abstract: The current increases in the use of Aloe extract as a skin cosmetic prompted us to identify the active component. In this report, the isolation from fresh Aloe leaf of the inhibitor of L-dopa oxidation by mushroom-tyrosinase and its analysis by high performance liquid chromatography are presented.

Yagi, Akira, Machii, K., Hishimura, H., Shida, T., & Nishioka, Itsuo. (1985). Effect of aloe lectin on deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in baby hamster kidney cells. Experientia, 41, 669-671.

Abstract: Shows the characterization of the chemical and physical properties of a glycoprotein that has a lectin property and that stimulates DNA synthesis in BHK 21 cells. Aloe lectin, which induces blastmitogenesis, may be responsible for the therapeutic effect of aloe on burns.

Yagi, Akira, Makino, Kenji, & Nishioka, Itsuo. (1977). Studies on the constituents of Aloe saponaria Haw. II. The structures of tetrahydroanthracene derivatives, aloesaponol III and -IV. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 25(7), 1764-1770.

Abstract: This paper deals with structure elucidation of aloesaponol III and -IV and the elucidation of the absolute configuration of C 4 hydroxyl group in aloesaponol III and of C 3 hydroxyl group in aloesaponol I.

Yagi, Akira, Makino, Kenji, & Nishioka, Itsuo. (1977). Studies on the constituents of Aloe saponaria Haw. III. The structures of phenol glucosides. Chem. Pharm. Bulletin, 25(7), 1771-1776.

Abstract: This paper deal with isolation and structure determination of particular phenol glucosides.

Yagi, Akira, Makino, K., Nishioka, I., & Kuchino, Y. (1977). Aloe mannan, polysaccharide, from Aloe arborescens var. natalensis. Planta Medica,31, 17-20.

Abstract: A main polysaccharide (aloe mannan) isolated from the fresh leaf pulp of Aloe arborescens Mill. Var. natalensis Berger in a pure state was proved to be a partially acetylated β-D-mannan. The molecular weight of aloe mannan was calculated to be approximately 15,000 by equilibrium ultracentrifugation. An inhibiting effect of aloe mannan was tested against the implanted sarcoma-180.

Yagi, Akira, Nishimura, Hiroshi, Shida, Takao, & Nishioka, Itsuo. (1985, December 9). Structure determination of polysaccharides in Aloe arborescens var. natalensis. Planta Medica, 213- 218.

Abstract: This paper deals with the determination of structure and evaluation of polysaccharides and glycoproteins as active phagocytosis promoters.

Yagi, Akira, Shibata, Shoji, Nishioka, Itsuo, Iwadare, Shuichi, & Ishida, Yukisato. (1982). Cardiac stimulant action of constituents of Aloe saponaria. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 71(7), 739-741.

Abstract: A highly potent cardiotonic substance, calcium isocitrate, was isolated from Aloe saponaria, using solvent partition, nonionic porous resin, and gel permeation chromatographies. Cardiac stimulant activity of synthesized steroisomers of calcium isocitrate was demonstrated in isolated guinea pig atria.

Yagi, Akira, Shida, Takao, & Nishimura, Hirohshi. (1987). Effect of amino acids in Aloe extract on phagocytosis by peripheral neutrophil in adult bronchial asthma. Jrn. J. Allergol, 36(12), 1094-1101.

Abstract: The dialyzable material from fresh leaves of Aloe arborescens var. natalensis was examined in phagocytosis and a phagocytic killing test of Candida albicans. Separation of the active component was carried out by chromatography on ion exchange resins, and the activity was detected in the neutral amino acid fraction. The results from the bioassay and comparative study on amino acid compositions in the fractions isolated showed a positive participation by cysteine and proline in phagocytosis. A mixture of cysteine and proline (1:1) significantly enhanced the depressed phagocytosis of neutrophils in adult bronchial asthma.

Yagi, Akira, Shoyama, Yukihiro, & Nishioka, Itsuo. (1983). Formation of tetrahydroanthracene glucosides by callus tissue of Aloe saponaria. Phytochemistry, 22(6), 1483-1484.

Abstract: Callus tissue of Aloe Saponaria grown in the dark produced a new tetrahydroanthracene glucoside, I-oxo-2-methoxy-4,8,9-trihydroxy-6-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroanthracene (aloesaponol IV) 8-O-β-D-glucoside, together with known tetrahydroanthracene glucosides. The effect of light on the formation of tetrahydroanthracene and anthraquinone glucosides is discussed.

Yagi, Akira, Yamanouchi, Mayumi, & Nishioka, Itsuo. (1978). Biosynthetic relationship between tetrahydroanthracene and anthraquinone in Aloe saponaria. Phytochemistry, 12, 895-897.

Abstract: This paper deals with the biosynthetic relation between aloesaponol I, aloesaponarin I and Iaccaic acid D methyl ester in Aloe saponaria.

Yu, Byung Pal, Herlihy, Jeremigh, & Ikeno, Yuji. The effects of lifelong Aloe ingestion on aging and pathology. Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to initiate a systematic and scientific investigation of the effects of long-term Aloe ingestion on laboratory rats. [LINK TO IASC]

(El) Zawahry, M. (MD), Hegazy, M. Rashad (MD), & Helal, M. (Bph, PhCh). (1973, January/February). Use of Aloe in treating leg ulcers and dermatoses. International Journal of Dermatology, 12, 68-73.

Abstract: Our report deals with Aloe’s use locally in chronic leg ulcers, seborrhea, acne vulgaris, alopecia (hair fall), and alopecia areata.

Zhang, Linna, & Tizard, Ian R. (1996). Activation of a mouse macrophage cell line by Acemannan: The major carbohydrate fraction from Aloe vera gel. Immunopharmacology, 35, 119-128.

Abstract: The effects of acemannan on the mouse macrophage cell were investigated. The results suggest that acemannan may function, at least in part, through macrophage activation.